Ik heb de oplossing gevonden op een Engelstalige site:
http://forum.videohelp.com/topic307679.htmlConverting VHS to DVD under Linux HOWTO
by Dan MacDonald, 24th August 2006
This document assumes you have:
A computer with a fast CPU (2Ghz+ if you want to encode straight to MPEG2 in software with no dropped frames) running Linux with at least 10GB free drive space.
Basic knowledge of Linux (how to install programs, use the console etc.)
A VCR
A video capture card supported by Linux (see
http://linuxtv.org/v4lwiki/index.php/Main_Page )
A DVD burner
The programs tvtime, varsha, k3b and mencoder (which is part of mplayer)
You may also need a SCART to COMPOSITE cable and a stereo RCA to 3.5mm jack audio cable
The best way to capture analogue video under any operating system is with a firewire analogue video adapter such as Canopus ADVC 110. This supposedly gives much better picture quality than most of the PCI capture cards but these adapters are still quite expensive at the time of writing. If you plan to do a lot of analogue video capture then it may well be worth the extra cost. Under linux you could then just use dvgrab to capture from one of these but I'm not covering that method here.
The first step, of course, is to connect your VCR to your PC. Most TV capture cards have three types of video input: s-video, composite (the yellow one) and TV aerial. s-video gives the best quality of the three so use that if you can. I have an Avermedia TV Capture 98 PCI capture card which is based on the bt878 chipset. The picture I get with this card is quite grainy and I hear that the saa713x chipset capture cards are supposed to be much better- see the v4l2 wiki link above for card recommendations and compatibility. Another thing about this card is that I couldn't get it to find my VCR signal through the aerial connector and so I had to use a SCART to composite cable.
After plugging your VCR into your PC (including running an auxiliary cable from your VCRs sound outputs to your PCs mic in) insert a VHS tape, push play and start tvtime to check you are getting a picture and sound. If you are trying to get a picture through an aerial cable then you will probably have to scan through the channels but this isn't normally neccessary with composite and s-video. If there is no sound then you will need to open your mixer program (like alsamixer) and turn up the mic input levels.
From here on I'll be talking about using tvtime but if you have xdtv (xawdecode) installed you can use that instead to preview your analogue video input. I'm using mencoder here as I haven't yet worked out the exact settings to capture directly to a DVD-compliant MPEG2-PS file using xdtv, which would be a much nicer way of doing things for GUI fans. Also, if your computer isn't fast enough to be encoding direct to DVD res MPEG2 under mencoder then you'd be better off capturing your footage under xdtv to a MJPEG format avi file. MJPEG avis can be loaded into both Cinelerra and DeVeDe.
Once you have a picture with sound under tvtime then you are ready to start capturing. If your tape is at the right point then you can shut tvtime now. Open up a console, change into the directory where you want to save your video (you will need a few GB free if you're doing a full tape) and then copy/paste one of the following three commands into that console
PAL LOW (VCD QUALITY) RES CAPTURE
mencoder -tv norm=PAL:driver=v4l2:width=352:height=288:input=1:fps=25 tv:// -oac lavc -ovc lavc -of mpeg -mpegopts format=dvd -vf pp=lb/ha/va/dr,hqdn3d,harddup -srate 48000 -af lavcresample=48000 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg2video:vrc_buf_size=900:vrc_maxrate=1500:vbitrate=1300:keyint=15:acodec=mp2:abitrate=192:aspect=4/3 -o capture.mpg
PAL MEDIUM (SVCD QUALITY) RES CAPTURE
mencoder -tv norm=PAL:driver=v4l2:width=352:height=576:input=1:fps=25 tv:// -oac lavc -ovc lavc -of mpeg -mpegopts format=dvd -vf pp=lb/ha/va/dr,hqdn3d,harddup -srate 48000 -af lavcresample=48000 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg2video:vrc_buf_size=1500:vrc_maxrate=3000:vbitrate=2500:keyint=15:acodec=mp2:abitrate=192:aspect=4/3 -o capture.mpg
PAL HIGH ('DVD' QUALITY) RES CAPTURE
mencoder -tv norm=PAL:driver=v4l2:width=720:height=576:input=1:fps=25 tv:// -oac lavc -ovc lavc -of mpeg -mpegopts format=dvd -vf pp=lb/ha/va/dr,hqdn3d,harddup -srate 48000 -af lavcresample=48000 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg2video:vrc_buf_size=1500:vrc_maxrate=8000:vbitrate=7000:keyint=15:acodec=mp2:abitrate=192:aspect=4/3 -o capture.mpg
As soon as you push enter the capture process will begin, to end it push CTRL+C.
It is important to note that the above commands are for capturing PAL (European) video from a composite input. If you use NTSC videos (like in America and Japan) then you have to change the norm value to ntsc, the fps value to 29.97 and you would use these width/height values instead:
720 x 480 high res
352 x 480 medium res
352 x 240 for low res
If you're capturing through the aerial, change the input value to 0 (or 2 for s-video).
'-vf pp=lb/ha/va/dr,hqdn3d,harddup' is the video filter setting to clean up a grainy picture. If you have a better quality capture card than me then you should be able to get away with just '-vf harddup' instead. Using fewer filters will mean less stress on your CPU of course.
The main value you may be interested in altering is vbitrate. You can lower the bitrate to shrink the size of the video file and fit more video onto your DVD but this of course also degrades the quality and puts greater strain on the CPU when encoding. Don't expect all DVD players to be able to handle a vbitrate greater than 8000 though.
On my AthlonXP 2000 (which is of course really 1.7Ghz) I can capture a full 25fps @ 352x576 with stereo sound and no dropped frames on certain footage but if there is lots of motion it tends to average about 20fps which is also the framerate it maxes out capturing at the high res setting.
Now that you have an .mpg file of your video you should try playing it under mplayer or xine to check that it is OK. If its fine then you can load varsha and create a DVD iso file with it which in turn can be burned with the burning program of your choice such as k3b.
If you want to know more about mencoder's options then you should read the manpage or the online documentation at
http://www.mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/HTML-single/en/MPlayer.htmlGood luck!
